πŸ‡―πŸ‡΅ Japanese grammar

Sentence Structure and Word Order in Japanese: A Clear Guide

The SPAIKING TeamJuly 28, 2026

Japanese sentence structure is quite different from English. The basic word order is Subject-Object-Verb. Understanding this structure is essential for building simple sentences.

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The rule

In Japanese, the typical sentence structure follows the Subject-Object-Verb order. For example, in the sentence 'I eat sushi,' 'I' is the subject, 'sushi' is the object, and 'eat' is the verb. To form negatives, you can add 'γͺい' to the verb, changing 'eat' to 'eat not.' Questions are formed by adding 'か' at the end of the sentence.

Sentence Structure and Word Order at a glance

StructureExample
Affirmativeη§γ―ε―ΏεΈγ‚’ι£ŸγΉγΎγ™
Negativeη§γ―ε―ΏεΈγ‚’ι£ŸγΉγΎγ›γ‚“
QuestionあγͺγŸγ―ε―ΏεΈγ‚’ι£ŸγΉγΎγ™γ‹
Affirmative with Adjective彼は元気です
Negative with Adjectiveε½Όγ―ε…ƒζ°—γ§γ―γ‚γ‚ŠγΎγ›γ‚“
Question with Adjective彼は元気ですか

This table shows examples of sentence structures in Japanese.

Examples you can say out loud

η§γ―ζœ¬γ‚’θͺ­γΏγΎγ™ Watashi wa hon o yomimasu
I read a book.
ε½Όγ―ζ˜ η”»γ‚’θ¦‹γΎγ›γ‚“ Kare wa eiga o mimasen
He does not watch a movie.
あγͺγŸγ―ε­¦η”Ÿγ§γ™γ‹ Anata wa gakusei desu ka
Are you a student?
ε½Όε₯³γ―ζ—₯ζœ¬γ«θ‘ŒγγΎγ™ Kanojo wa Nihon ni ikimasu
She goes to Japan.
η§γŸγ‘γ―γ‚΅γƒƒγ‚«γƒΌγ‚’γ—γΎγ›γ‚“ Watashitachi wa sakkaa o shimasen
We do not play soccer.
Common mistake
Placing the verb before the object, as in 'I sushi eat.'
Tip
Always remember the Subject-Object-Verb order.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the role of particles in Japanese?

Particles indicate the grammatical function of words in a sentence.