🇰🇷 Korean grammar

The Past Tense in Korean: A Clear Guide

The SPAIKING TeamJuly 28, 2026

The past tense in Korean is used to describe actions that have already happened. It is an essential aspect of the language for effective communication. Understanding how to conjugate verbs in the past tense is crucial for beginners.

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The rule

To form the past tense in Korean, you typically take the verb stem and add the suffix '-았어요' or '-었어요' depending on the vowel in the last syllable of the stem. If the last vowel is 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', use '-았어요'; otherwise, use '-었어요'. This conjugation indicates that the action was completed in the past.

The Past Tense at a glance

FormConjugation
Informal갔어
Polite갔어요
Formal갔습니다

Conjugation of the verb '가다' (to go) in the past tense

Examples you can say out loud

나는 어제 학교에 갔어요. naneun eoje hakgyoe gasseoyo.
I went to school yesterday.
그는 친구를 만났어요. geuneun chingureul mannasseoyo.
He met a friend.
우리는 영화를 봤어요. urineun yeonghwareul bwasseoyo.
We watched a movie.
그녀는 책을 읽었어요. geunyeoneun chaegeul ilgeosseoyo.
She read a book.
Common mistake
Using the wrong past tense suffix based on the last vowel of the verb stem.
Tip
Practice conjugating regular verbs to become familiar with the past tense forms.

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Frequently asked questions

How do I know which suffix to use for past tense?

Check the last vowel of the verb stem; use '-았어요' for 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', and '-었어요' for others.