🇷🇺 Russian grammar

The Past Tense in Russian: A Clear Guide

The SPAIKING TeamJuly 28, 2026

The past tense in Russian is used to describe actions that have already occurred. It is formed based on the gender and number of the subject. Understanding how to use the past tense is essential for effective communication.

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The rule

In Russian, the past tense is formed by taking the infinitive form of the verb and modifying it according to the subject's gender and number. For masculine singular subjects, the verb typically ends in -л, for feminine singular subjects it ends in -ла, for neuter singular subjects it ends in -ло, and for plural subjects it ends in -ли. This structure allows speakers to convey completed actions in the past.

The Past Tense at a glance

Gender/NumberConjugation
Masculine Singularговорил
Feminine Singularговорила
Neuter Singularговорило
Pluralговорили

Conjugation of the verb 'говорить' (to speak) in the past tense

Examples you can say out loud

Он говорил по-русски. On govoril po-russki.
He spoke in Russian.
Она говорила по-английски. Ona govorila po-angliyski.
She spoke in English.
Оно говорило тихо. Ono govorilo tikho.
It spoke quietly.
Они говорили долго. Oni govorili dolgo.
They spoke for a long time.
Common mistake
Confusing the gender of the subject, leading to incorrect verb endings.
Tip
Always pay attention to the gender of the subject to use the correct past tense form.

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Frequently asked questions

How do I know which ending to use for the past tense?

The ending depends on the gender and number of the subject: -л for masculine, -ла for feminine, -ло for neuter, and -ли for plural.